将Python脚本文件包装成可执行文件,其目的有二:
一则: 不需要依赖Python编译器就可以运行软件
二则: 不想让自己的源码公布出去
常用的工具有: py2exe、cx_freeze等
【工具:py2exe】
- 安装py2exe
安装该工具很简单:
只需要从官方网站:http://www.py2exe.org/下载与版本对应的安装程序,点击下一步即可完成安装。
安装后,执行import py2exe,不报错则表示安装成功!
- >>> import py2exe
- >>>
NOTE: 目前该工具只支持到Python2.7, 对于Python3而言,必须借助另外一个工具:cx_freeze
- 使用py2exe
第一步: 准备源代码,假如名为:Hello.py
第二步: 准备编译脚本,假如名为:setup.py
- from distutils.core import setup
- import py2exe
- setup(windows=['Hello.py'])
第三步: 运行命令: setup.py py2exe
- D:\temp>setup.py py2exe
- 默认情况下,py2exe在目录dist下创建以下这些必须的文件:
- 1、一个或多个exe文件。如本例为: Hello.exe
- 2、python##.dll。 如本例中: Python27.dll
- 3、.pyd文件,它们是已编译的扩展名,它们是exe文件所需要的;加上其它的.dll文件,这些.dll是.pyd所需要的。
- 4、一个library.zip文件,它包含了已编译的纯的python模块如.pyc或.pyo
第四步: 双击Hello.exe可执行文件,跟源代码运行后同样的结果:
- 其他
1: 执行setup.py --help获取帮助信息
- Global options:
- --verbose (-v) run verbosely (default)
- --quiet (-q) run quietly (turns verbosity off)
- --dry-run (-n) don't actually do anything
- --help (-h) show detailed help message
- --no-user-cfg ignore pydistutils.cfg in your home directory
- Options for 'py2exe' command:
- --optimize (-O) optimization level: -O1 for "python -O", -O2 for
- "python -OO", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0]
- --dist-dir (-d) directory to put final built distributions in (default
- is dist)
- --excludes (-e) comma-separated list of modules to exclude
- --dll-excludes comma-separated list of DLLs to exclude
- --ignores comma-separated list of modules to ignore if they are
- not found
- --includes (-i) comma-separated list of modules to include
- --packages (-p) comma-separated list of packages to include
- --compressed (-c) create a compressed zipfile
- --xref (-x) create and show a module cross reference
- --bundle-files (-b) bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid levels
- are 1, 2, or 3 (default)
- --skip-archive do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put
- them directly in the file system
- --ascii (-a) do not automatically include encodings and codecs
- --custom-boot-script Python file that will be run when setting up the
- runtime environment
- usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
- or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
- or: setup.py --help-commands
- or: setup.py cmd --help
- # -*- coding: cp936 -*-
- from distutils.core import setup
- import py2exe
- includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
- options = {"py2exe":
- {"compressed": 1, # 压缩
- "optimize": 2, # 优化级别
- "ascii": 1, #
- "includes":includes, # 编码方式
- "bundle_files": 1 # 所有文件打包成一个zipfile或exe文件,有效级别1,2,3
- }}
- setup(
- options=options, # 是否需要可选项,默认为None
- zipfile=None, # 是否需要压缩像,默认为None
- console=[{"script": "HelloCmd.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "pc.ico")]}], # 针对CMD控制端口
- windows=[{"script": "HelloWin.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "pc.ico")]}], # 针对GUI图形窗口
- data_files=[("magic",["App_x86.exe",]),],
- version = "v1.01", # 版本信息
- description = "py2exe testing",# 描述信息
- name = "Hello, Py2exe", # 名字信息
- )