A fresh Mac and its default Python
macOS 11 comes with a default version of python2, which is now obsolete in favor of python3. Python2 reached end of life in January 2020.
$ type -a python
python is /usr/bin/python$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ python --version
Python 2.7.16
We are certainly do not want to touch macOS’s default python2 and will leave it as it is. Let’s install pyenv to manage multiple versions of Python.
Install pyenv on macOS 11 (Apple Silicon)
There are two ways to install pyenv on macOS:
- Via Homebrew: this is the quickest way. Unfortunately I could not make
pyenvworks as expected on a fresh macOS 11 (Apple Silicon). - Git checkout:
pyenvteam has documented the install process in details here. However, when I followed that step by step and applied on my new macOS 11 (M1), it did not work. After serveral hours tweaking, here's how I managed to get thepyenvto work with Git check out installation.
- Clone the
pyenvrepo into your home folder:
$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
$ cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src2. Edit your .zshrc and add the following lines at the bottom of the file (macOS 11 comes with zsh as the default shell)
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"3. Quit your terminal and reopen it. Now pyenv should be activated and you can start to install some Python.
My macOS 11 (Big Sur, Apple Silicon) system info before install Python
$ arch
arm64$ which brew
/opt/homebrew/bin/brew $ brew --version
Homebrew 3.1.11
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 7c34424687; last commit 2021-06-10)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision ab9a64f927; last commit 2021-06-10) $ pyenv --version
pyenv 2.0.1-3-g1706436f
Install the Python build dependencies for macOS 11
pyenv suggests that before install any version of Python, we need a Python build environment for Mac. Make sure you have Xcode Command Line Tools ( xcode-select --install) and Homebrew on your system. Then:
$ brew install openssl readline sqlite3 xz zlibTo install Homebrew on a fresh macOS 11 Big Sur M1, check out this guide.
Install Python 3.9 on macOS 11 M1 (Apple Silicon)
$ pyenv install 3.9.4
python-build: use openssl@1.1 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.9.4.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.4/Python-3.9.4.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.9.4...
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from xcode sdk
Installed Python-3.9.4 to /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.9.4pyenv install Python 3.9.4 seamlessly on Mac M1 and everything works out of the box.
Install Python 3.8 on macOS 11 M1 (Apple Silicon)
You need to use Homebrew’s patch to install Python 3.8 with pyenv. For the complete details, please read pyenv issue 1768.
If you want to jump right way to the answer, this comment is enough:
$ pyenv install --patch 3.8.6 <<(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/formula-patches/113aa84/python/3.8.3.patch\?full_index\=1)The patch for 3.8.3 applies to 3.8.6 without any issue:
$ pyenv install --patch 3.8.6 <<(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/formula-patches/113aa84/python/3.8.3.patch\?full_index\=1)
python-build: use openssl@1.1 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.8.6.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.6/Python-3.8.6.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.8.6...
patching file Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2020-05-18-02-43-11.bpo-34956.35IcGF.rst
patching file setup.py
patching file Mac/Tools/pythonw.c
patching file Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2020-06-24-14-21-17.bpo-41101.z9hCsP.rst
patching file setup.py
patching file Doc/library/ctypes.rst
patching file Lib/test/test_bytes.py
patching file Lib/test/test_unicode.py
patching file Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
patching file Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
Hunk #4 succeeded at 1242 (offset 15 lines).
patching file Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h
patching file Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
patching file setup.py
patching file 'Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2020-07-01-01-30-04.bpo-41100.hCrjJJ.rst'
patching file Doc/library/ctypes.rst
patching file configure
patching file configure.ac
patching file 'Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2020-06-30-00-02-42.bpo-41164.zbzWsP.rst'
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from xcode sdk
Installed Python-3.8.6 to /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.8.6Install Python 3.7 on macOS 11 M1 (Apple Silicon)
Python 3.7.10 installed smoothly without any patch from Homebrew:
$ pyenv install 3.7.10
python-build: use openssl@1.1 from homebrew
python-build: use readline from homebrew
Downloading Python-3.7.10.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.10/Python-3.7.10.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.7.10...
python-build: use readline from homebrew
python-build: use zlib from xcode sdk
Installed Python-3.7.10 to /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.7.10Install Python 3.6 or below on macOS 11 M1 (Apple Silicon) with pyenv
Other Homebrew patches are available here: 3.6.1, 3.7, 3.8.3, 3.8.7, arm64-3.9 A quick remind that 2.7 reached end of life (EOL) last year on 2020-01-01, 3.6 will reach EOL by the end of this year 2021. They shouldn't be used at all.
Post-install verification Python 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9
List all Python versions managed by pyenv:
$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /Users/squademy/.pyenv/version)
3.7.10
3.8.6
3.9.4Set the default python to 3.8.6, cause that's what I want when typing python on the terminal
$ pyenv global 3.8.6 $ python --version
Python 3.8.6
Verify pyenv shims is activated on the PATH:
$ type -a python
python is /Users/squademy/.pyenv/shims/python
python is /usr/bin/python$ which python
/Users/squademy/.pyenv/shims/python
All python environments are natively installed with arch=arm64 on Apple Silicon (M1 Big Sur)
$ file /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.7.10/bin/python
/Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.7.10/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64$ file /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.8.6/bin/python
/Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.8.6/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64
$ file /Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.9.4/bin/python
/Users/squademy/.pyenv/versions/3.9.4/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64
Other guides
Install Homebrew on macOS 11 (Apple Silicon)
Install and configure Git on macOS 11 Big Sur (Apple Silicon)
